Compound turbine.



N0. 733,818. PATEN TED JULY 14, 1903.

G. G. DAVISON. I

COMPOUND TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 8, 901.

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No. 733,818. PATENTED JULY 14, 1903.,

. G. 0. DAVISON.

COMPOUND TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED Nov/a, 1901.

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No 783,818. PATENTED JULY 14, isms.-

G. 0. DAVISON.

COMPOUND TURBINE. PLIOATION FILED NOV. 8, 1901.

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M1115 nnnnnnnnnn Mm WWI!IWUHIWWIJIHII I A l Patented July 14, 1903'.

PATENT OFFICE.

GREGORY CALDWELL D AVISON, OF THE UNITED STATES NAVY.

CO M POUND TURBINE.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 733,818, dated July 14,1903.

Application filed November 8, 1901- 'Serial No. 81,608. (N model.)

trict of Columbia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inCompound Turbines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full,clear, and exact description of the invention, such-as will enableothers skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use thesame.

My invention relates to improvements in steam-turbines. While I preferto use steam as a motive power and to make use of the principle ofsuccessive expansion, I do 'not confine myself to this use, since theturbine may be driven by compressed air or, in fact,

' 1 solid, portion r is curved on the arc of a circle by any fluid underpressure.

The objectof my invention is to produce a turbine which shall be verysimple in construction, cheap, efficient, one that may be run atmoderate speed, that has no end thrust, that may be easily and quicklyreversed, besides the general advantages incident to the use of otherturbines-mamely, economy, lightness, and simplicity.

With those objects in view my invention consists in the constructionsand oombinae tions of parts, as hereinafter described, and particularlypointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents my improved turbine inside elevation. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the same. Fig. 3 isa cross-section of the same on line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is an enlargedcross-section of the valve and associated parts. Fig. 5 is atop planview of the valve. Fig. 6 is an end view of the same. Figs.- 7, 8, and 9represent, diagrammatically, the cooperating plates or vanes thereof.Fig. 10 is a cross-section, of modified form, of my device. Fig. 11 isalongitudinal section of still another modification, and Fig. 12 is adetail view showing parts shown in Fig. 11.

or represents a cylinder provided with an enlarged base b, fastened toany suitable support by bolts 0.

d 6 represent perforated pillars for the support of the shaft j, whichpillars are provided with the usual oil-cups g and h. The cylinder a,may be provided with heads and the ordinary stufiing-boxes, ifpreferred; but

these are not necessary.

2, k, andl represent inwardly-projecting collars on the cylinder a, bymeans of which said cylinder is-divided into three compartments m, n,and o. The compartment m is the one into which steam at a'high pressureis admitted, and the pressure diminishes in the successive compartments,which are each made larger than the preceding one. Of course any numberof compartments may be used. In the inside of the cylinder are arrangedblades or vanes peach having a slight curved portion on its interior.These blades are arranged at an angle to the main shaft f. The cylindera is provided'with a portion 1", which is not provided with blades. Theinner side of this concentric with the inner portions q of the blades orvanes 19, and this solid portion 1' is arranged between the inlet-pipe sand the outlet-pipe 2, so that the steam cannot leak in any appreciablequantities from the inletpipe .9 directly around to the outlet-pipe IE,but must travel around the internal cylinder before it can escapethrough the outlet-pipe t.

7 Within the cylinder a, mounted on the shaft f and fastened thereto byfeathers u and o, is a revolving cylinder w, supported by spider-arms won the central shaft. The outer surface of this cylinder-is divided intothree parallel chambers y, z, and 1, successively increasing in size andregistering with the chamfhers m, n, and o in the outer stationarycylinder. Collars 2, 3, 4, and 5 are on the outer surface of thecylinder to and serve as boundaries for the chambers y, z, and 1 andregister with the internal projections t, j, la, and Z Packing-rings 6,7, 8, and 9, preferably of metal, are interposed between the collars orprojections in the internal and external cylinders to prevent the escapeof steam from the chambers. The cylinder to is provided with radialplates or vanes 10, the outer edges of which are curved, as shown at 11.These are arranged at regular distances apart and so that their outeredges will just clear the inner edges of the plates or vanes 19 when thecylinder to revolves.

It will be noticed from Fig. 7, for example,

that as the cylinder to moves and the vanes 10 pass over the plates pthere will be a passage for the steam open from the inlet-pipe to theexhaust-pipe and that this passage will always remain of the same areanotwithstanding the fact that the cylinder 10 moves and the cylinder a,is stationary.

The steam or other motor fluid is admitted through the pipe 12, whenceit passes by the connection 13 into the inlet-pipe s. Thence it goesinto the first chamberaround the cylinder w, out through the pipe 25,and is directed by the valve 15, mounted 011 the rod 16 and providedwith a hand-wheel or other means for turning it, 17, into the pipe 14.The valve is provided with projections 18 and 19, symmetrically andoppositely arranged on the rod 16, so that when the latter is turned onehundred and eighty degrees the valve will be turned into the positionshown in dotted lines in Fig. 4, whereupon the pipe will become theinlet-pipe and the pipe 8 the exhaust-pipe, and the motion of the steamaround the cylinder 10, and there-I fore the motion of the cylinderitself, will be reversed in direction. The steam passes through the pipe14: into the inlet-pipe 20, whenceit passes through the second chamber,

larger than the first, around the cylinder w, 1

and out through the outlet-pipe 21, being directed into the pipe 22 by avalve 23, exactly like the valve 15, except that it is larger. From thepipe 22 it passes into the inlet-pipe 24, around the cylinder 20 in thethird chamber, which is made larger than the second, into theoutlet-pipe 25, from whence it is directed by the valve 26 into theexhaust-pipe 27, although, of course, more chambers than three may beused, if desired.

It should be noted that the inlet and exhaust pipes and the chambersincrease in size successively from the first to the last, thus makinguse of the principle of multiple expansion.

By turning the wheel 17 half-way around the turbine is quickly andeasily reversed. The peculiar shape of the valve also, as it is in somerespects a balanced valve, makes it an easy and quick operation toreverse the turbine.

It is obvious that the shape of the vanes p and 10 may be greatlyvaried, and in Figs. 8 and 9 I have shown examples of different forms.In Fig. 8, 10 represents the blades on the moving cylinder, and 28represents the blades or vanes on the stationary cylinder, while in Fig.9, 10 represents the blades on the cylinder 20, and 29 represents zigzagplates to be applied to the interior of the cylinder 0. instead of theblades or vanes 13. Of course it is perfectly obvious that, if desired,the interior cylinder may be made stationary, while the externalcylinder revolves.

In Fig. 10 I have shown a cross-section of a modified form of turbinewherein I take advantage of the principle of successive expansions byhaving the chambers between the inner blades or vanes of the stationarycylinder and the blades or vanes of the revolving cylinder ofsuccessively increasing size from the inlet to the outlet, this form,however, being specially adapted for non-reversible turbines. In thisfigure, w represents theinternal rotating cylinder supported onspider-arms w, as before. The outer surface of this cylinder is providedwith blades 30, concave on one side and convex or curved on the otherside, leaving recessed chambers or grooves 31 in the surface of therevolving cylinder. These blades or vanes 30 and chambers 31 are alsoparallel to the supporting -shaft f. The stationary cylinder a isprovided with internal projecting plates or vanes 32, concaved on oneside and convex on the other, but having their concaved portionsoppositely arranged in relation to the concaved portions 31 on therotating cylinder. These plates or vanes 32 being concave of courseleave spaces or chambers 33, which gradually increase in size from theinlet-pipe s to the outlet-pipet. Moreover, these vanes and the chambers33, while parallel to the outer surface of the rotating cylinder, areinclined relatively to the axis thereof, as already described inconnection with the form shown in Fig. 3. A similarpassage, as before,exists between the inlet-pipe s and the outlet-plpe t, by which thesteam can go from the first to the second by passing around the cylinderw, and as it does so it of course moves said cylinder. The steam in itspas sage around the rotating cylinder also expands as it passes fromchamber to chamber by reason of the fact that the chambers aresuccessively larger, as already stated.

The modification shown in cross-section in Fig. 10 is of course providedwith longitudinally arranged chambers successively increasing in size,like the arrangement shown in Fig. 2. By having the length of the fixedvanes successively increase in size around the cylinder in one chamberand having the chambers themselves successively increase in size Iutilize the principle of multiple expansion in a double manner. Ofcourse the narrower fixed vanes must have on each side of them a solidportion extending up to the walls of the chamber on a circle of the sameradius as the part 7", so that the steam cannot pass around the ends ofthe vanes.

In Figs. 11 and 12 I have shown astill further modification, in whichthe plates or vanes are arranged upon the faces of opposing disksinstead of upon the inner and outer surfaces, respectively, of opposingcylinders. Inthis case the outer cylinder at is provided with a head 34,and on the rotating shaftfis mounted a head 35, which just fits theother open end of the cylinder (1. Packing-rings 36 and 38, preferablyof metal, are used, as before. On the inner face of the head arearranged curved plates or vanes 40, the whole being fastened to theshaftf. Opposing the vanes 40, which in this case are made curved, asshown, are the curved vanes 41, held on the KOOv which forms apartition, is also provided with curved vanes 43, and on a disk 44,secured to the shaft f, are a series of curved vanes 45, these vanesbeing oppositely curved in respect to the vanes 43 on the disk 42. Asshown in Fig. 12, the vanes 43 and 45 are larger than the vanes 40 and41. On the head 34 is carried a similar series of vanes, which opposevanes located on the face of the disk 44. The chambers in which theseopposing vanes are located increase successively in size, as is evident,from the left to the right.

While I thus have described my invention, I wish it to be especiallyunderstood that I do not limit myself to the exact details shown anddescribed, as these may be modified in many respects without departingfrom the spirit of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent of the United States,is

1. In a steam-turbine, the combination of twooppositely-arranged parts,one stationary and the other movable,-an d each provided with vanes,said vanes being so inclined relatively to each other as to afford a'passage for the motive fluid of constant area between any one of thefixed vanes and the movable vanes at all periods of the revolution ofthe movable part, and the space between said vanes being divided intochambers increasing in size successively.

2. In a steam-turbine, the combination of an outer cylinder providedwith inwardlyprojecting vanes, and an inner cylinder provided withoutwardly-projecting vanes, said vanes being so inclined relatively toeach other as to afford a passage for the motive fluid of constant areabetween any one of the fixed vanes and the movable vanes, and the spacebetween said vanes being divided-into chambers increasing in sizesuccessively.

3. In a steam-turbine, the combination of an outer stationary cylinderprovided with inwardly-projecting vanes, and an inne revoluble cylinderprovided with outwardly-projecting vanes, said vanes being so inclinedrelatively to each other as to afford a passage for the motive fluid ofconstant area between any one of the fixed vanes and the movable vanes,and the space between said vanes being divided into chambers increasingin size successively.

4. In a steam-turbine, the combination of an outer cylinder providedwith internal vanes, an inner cylinder provided with external vanes,said vanes being so inclined as to afford a passage for the motive fluidof constant area between any one of the fixed vanes and the movablevanes, said cylinders being provided with registering projectionsdividing the space between them into chambers successively increasing insize, inlets and outlets for said chambers, and means for simultaneouslyreversing'the flow of the unotive'fiuid through said inlets and outlets.

5. In a steam-turbine, the combination of an outer cylinder providedwith internal vanes, a portion of said cylinder being unsupplied withvanes, an inner cylinder provided with external vanes, said vanes beingso arranged that there is a steam-passage of constant area from theinlet to the outlet pipes, said inlet and outlet pipes being arranged oneither side of that part of the outer cylinder which is not providedwith vanes, and a valve provided-with symmetrically and oppositelyarranged projecting portions, whereby the motor fluid may be reversed indirection atvwill.

6. In a steam-turbine, the combination of an outer cylinder providedwith internal' vanes arranged parallel to the inner surface of saidcylinder but at an angle to the axis thereof, an inner cylinder providedwith external vanes arranged radially to said cylinder, and inlet andoutlet pipes for said outer cylinder.

7. In a steam-turbine, the combination of an outer cylinder providedwith internal vanes arranged parallel to the interior surface thereofbut inclined to the axis thereof, said vanes being arranged with theirinner surfaces upon a circle and said cylinder being provided with asolid portion extending down to said circle, an inner cylinder providedwith radially-arranged vanes, inlet and outlet pipes arranged inproximity to the solid portion of said outlet-cylinder, and a valvelocated between said inlet and outlet pipes for reversing the flow ofsteam in said.

an outer cylinder provided with internal vanes arranged parallel to theinterior sur-' face of said cylinder but inclined to the axis thereof,said .vanes being arranged upon the circumference of a circle, andhaving their lower parts curved, and said cylinder having aninte'riorsolid portion projecting down to said circle, an internal cylinderprovided with radially-arranged vanes having their outer edges curved,which outer edges are arranged to contact with said internal vanes,inlet and outlet pipes arranged on either side of said solid portion ofthe outer cylinder,

and a reversing-valve located between said inlet and outlet pipes.

9. In a steam-turbine, the combination of an outer cylinder providedwith internal vanes, said vanes being arranged parallel to the innersurface of said cylinder but inclined to the axis thereof and havingtheir lower edges curved and located on the circumference of a circle,said cylinder being provided with a solid portion extending down to saidcircle, an inner cylinder provided with external radially-arrangedvanes, the outer edges of said vanes being curved, registering collarsor projections on saidcylinders where- In testimony whereof I affix mysignature by the space between said cylinders is diin presence of twoWitnesses. vided into chambers successively increasing a in size, inletand outlet pipes for each of said GRLUOM CAM) DAWSON 5 chambers, andmeans for simultaneously re- \Vitnesses:

vel'sing the flow of the motor fluid in all of J. STEPHEN GIUS'LA,

said chambers. 1 GUSTAVE R. THOMPSON.

